Finnish Soil Types
Peat Soils
Common in northern and central Finland, peat soils are highly organic, acidic (pH 3.5-5.5), and retain moisture well. They're rich in organic matter but may be low in nutrients. Ideal for acid-loving plants like Rhododendrons, Blueberries, and many native conifers. Drainage can be an issue in wet areas.
Clay Soils
Found throughout southern Finland, clay soils are dense, nutrient-rich, and hold water effectively. They tend toward neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5-7.5). Clay soils warm slowly in spring and can become waterlogged. Many native Finnish trees and perennials adapt well to clay conditions.
Moraine Soils
Glacial deposits create moraine soils with mixed particle sizes. These soils vary in pH (often 6.0-7.5) and drainage characteristics depending on their composition. They're generally well-draining and support a wide variety of plants. Many Finnish gardens are built on moraine substrates.
Sandy Soils
Sandy soils drain quickly and warm rapidly in spring but require frequent watering and fertilization. They're typically slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5-7.0). Plants adapted to dry, well-drained conditions thrive in sandy soils. Adding organic matter improves water retention and nutrient availability.
pH Match Tool
Enter your soil's pH level to receive recommendations for suitable plants and potential amendments.
Soil Amendment Basics
Raising pH (Making Soil Less Acidic)
To increase pH for plants that prefer neutral to alkaline conditions, add lime-based amendments. Dolomitic lime provides both calcium and magnesium. Apply in fall and work into the soil. Test pH annually, as changes occur gradually. Avoid over-liming, which can lock up nutrients.
Lowering pH (Making Soil More Acidic)
For acid-loving plants, lower pH using elemental sulfur, peat moss, or pine needles. Sulfur works slowly but effectively. Incorporate amendments before planting and monitor pH changes. Some plants, like Blueberries, require consistently acidic conditions to absorb nutrients properly.